

EVIDENCE BASE
At Grass 2 Milk company we have developed a product backed with the most stringent of evidence based, scientific backing. Please see our references below.


Cell based
Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health - PubMed (nih.gov)
β-casomorphin-7 alters μ-opioid receptor and dipeptidyl peptidase IV genes expression in children with atopic dermatitis - PubMed (nih.gov) – gene expression profiling on pbmc (macrophages) – mor gene upregulated and dpp4 downregulated on exposure to bcm7.
Physiology of opioid receptors in gut
Animal studies
A casein variant in cow's milk is atherogenic - PubMed (nih.gov)
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Impact of Bovine Milk Containing Different Beta-Casein Profiles on Gut Health of Ageing Mice - PubMed (nih.gov) – proteins in milks also vary by casein type
Human nonclinical
Role of Milk-Derived Opioid Peptides and Proline Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 in Autism Spectrum Disorders - PubMed (nih.gov) – shows that bcm-7 found in blood
The exogenous opioid peptides and DPPIV serum activity in infants with apnoea expressed as apparent life threatening events (ALTE) - PubMed (nih.gov) – SIDS , low ddp4, higher levels of bcm7 and then opoid induced resp depression
CSF and plasma beta-casomorphin-like opioid peptides in postpartum psychosis - PubMed (nih.gov)
Clinical studies
Comparison of the impact of bovine milk β-casein variants on digestive comfort in females self-reporting dairy intolerance: a randomized controlled trial - PubMed (nih.gov) - Comparison of the impact of bovine milk β-casein variants on digestive comfort in females self-reporting dairy intolerance: a randomized controlled trial | The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
Milk Containing A2 β-Casein ONLY, as a Single Meal, Causes Fewer Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance than Milk Containing A1 and A2 β-Caseins in Subjects with Lactose Maldigestion and Intolerance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial - PubMed (nih.gov) - Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Milk Containing A2 β-Casein ONLY, as a Single Meal, Causes Fewer Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance than Milk Containing A1 and A2 β-Caseins in Subjects with Lactose Maldigestion and Intolerance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial (mdpi.com)
Effects of cow's milk beta-casein variants on symptoms of milk intolerance in Chinese adults: a multicentre, randomised controlled study - PubMed (nih.gov) - Effects of cow’s milk beta-casein variants on symptoms of milk intolerance in Chinese adults: a multicentre, randomised controlled study | Nutrition Journal | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
Review
Milk Intolerance, Beta-Casein and Lactose (nih.gov)
Systematic Review of the Gastrointestinal Effects of A1 Compared with A2 β-Casein - PubMed (nih.gov)
β-Casomorphin: A complete health perspective - PubMed (nih.gov)
Review of the potential health impact of β‐casomorphins and related peptides (wiley.com) – efsa review
Casomorphin studies
